This data is based on the DEM data generated by 1:250,000 digital contour lines and elevation points in China released by national basic geographic information center, and the DEM data set of heihe river basin is generated by the nearest neighbor method resampling method of ARCGIS spatial analysis module with a spatial resolution of 30 SEC.

Agricultural irrigation, which accounts for about 80% of human water consumption, is the most important part of human water resources management and closely related to human survival and development.Irrigation is also an important part of the water cycle. Large-scale irrigation can affect the water cycle and even the local climate by affecting evapotranspiration.Excessive diversion of irrigation water will lead to unsustainable utilization of water resources, and at the same time, will reduce river flow and aquifer water reserves, thus harming the ecological environment. Therefore, determining the spatial and temporal distribution and variation of irrigation is critical to studying past human water use, the impact of irrigation on ecological and hydrological processes, the environment and climate, and the development of future irrigation plans. By integrating the irrigation amount of channel diversion water and irrigation amount of groundwater intake from different data sources, and combining the evapotranspiration data of land surface model CLM4.5 simulation and remote sensing inversion, a set of spatio-temporal continuous surface water and groundwater irrigation amount data set with spatial resolution of 30 arcseconds (0.0083 degrees) on the scale of 1981-2013 in heihe river basin was made. It has been verified that this data set has a high reliability from 2000 to 2013, and a lower reliability from 1981 to 1999 than from 2000 to 2013 due to the absence of remote sensing data and the absence of soil utilization changes. The document is described as follows: Monthly surfacewater irrigation volume file name: monthly_surfacewater_irrigation gation_1981-2013.nc Monthly groundwater_irrigation gation_1981-2013.nc The data is in netcdf format.There are three dimensions, which are month, lat, and lon. Where, month is a month, and the value is 0-395, representing each month from 1981 to 2013. Lat is grid latitude information, and lon is grid longitude information.

Image format: tif Image size: about 925M per scene Time range: may-october 2012 Time resolution: month Spatial resolution: 30m The algorithm firstly adopts the canopy BRDF model and presents the canopy reflectivity as a function of a series of parameters such as FAPAR, wavelength, reflectance of soil and leaves, aggregation index, incidence and observation Angle.The parameter table is established for several key parameters as the input of inversion.Then input the pre-processed surface reflectance data and land cover data, and invert LAI/FAPAR products by look-up table (LUT) method. See references for detailed algorithm.

QuickBird satellite was launched by Digital Globe corporation on October 18, 2001. It has 4 multi-spectral bands and 1 panchromatic band, with a spatial resolution of 0.61m for panchromatic bands and a spatial resolution of 2.5m for multi-spectral bands and a width of 16.5 * 16.5 km. There are two QuickBird remote sensing images in heihe river basin.The acquisition time and coverage were: 2004-03-23, covering zhangye area;2004-08-08, covering danokou and drainage ditch drainage basin. The product level is level L2 and has been geometrically corrected by the system.

At the end of September and the beginning of October, 2011, a year-end ecological survey was carried out in heihe river basin for plants of different desert types to stop growing. There are altogether 8 survey and observation fields, which are: piedmont desert, piedmont gobi, middle reaches desert, middle reaches gobi, middle reaches desert, lower reaches desert, lower reaches gobi and lower reaches desert, with a size of 40m×40m. Three 20m×20m large quadrats were fixed in each observation field, named S1, S2 and S3, and regular shrub surveys were conducted.Each large quadrat was fixed with 4 5m x 5m small quadrats, named A, B, C, D, for the herbal survey.

At the end of September and the beginning of October, 2013, desert plants in typical areas of heihe basin stopped their growth period to conduct year-end ecological survey. There are altogether 8 survey and observation fields, which are: piedmont desert, piedmont gobi, middle reaches desert, middle reaches gobi, middle reaches desert, lower reaches desert, lower reaches gobi and lower reaches desert, with a size of 40m×40m. Three 20m×20m large quadrats were fixed in each observation field, named S1, S2 and S3, and regular shrub surveys were conducted.Each large quadrat was fixed with 4 5m x 5m small quadrats, named A, B, C, D, for the herbal survey.

Correlation data of vegetation functional traits with topographic factors and pastoral animal husbandry activity factors, including: 1) observation data of main functional traits of 2-3 kinds of grassland plants in elevation, slope and slope upward; 2) correlation analysis data of vegetation functional traits and topographic factors; 3) correlation analysis data between vegetation functional traits and livestock activity intensity factors.

We produced surface photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR), solar radiation (SSR) and net radiation (NR) products with 1KM resolution in the heihe basin in 2012.The temporal resolution ranges from instantaneous to hourly and daily.Day-by-day ancillary data were also produced, including aerosol optical thickness, moisture content, NDVI, snow cover, and surface albedo.Among them, PAR and SSR use the method of lookup table to directly invert by combining the stationary weather satellite and polar orbit satellite MODIS product.NR was calculated by analyzing the relationship between net short-wave and net surface radiation.Hourly instantaneous products are weighted by average and integral to obtain hourly and daily cumulative products.

The dataset includes the saturated hydraulic conductivity data of typical soil samples in Heihe River Basin from July 2012 to August 2013. The collection method of typical soil sample points in Heihe River Basin is representative sampling, which means that the typical soil types in the landscape area can be collected, and the sample points with higher representativeness can be collected as much as possible, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of each type of soil can be measured three times for the average value.

This dataset contains soil organic matter content data of typical soil samples in heihe river basin from July 2012 to August 2013.The collection method of typical soil sample points in heihe river basin is representative sampling, which refers to the collection of typical soil types in the landscape area and the collection of highly representative sample points as far as possible.Soil samples from each profile were taken on the basis of diagnostic layers and diagnostic characteristics, classified according to the Chinese soil system.

Three artificial rainfall events were performed on the shady grassland at the altitude of 2700m in the Pailugou watershed of the Qilian Mountains. The times were July 15, 2011, July 16, and July 22, 2011, respectively. Runoff rate, data is recorded every half an hour. Two rainfall simulations were also performed on the sun-slope grassland at the same altitude. As a comparative experiment, the time was July 24 and 25, 2011.

Nine and six evaporation barrels were arranged in the 2700m Qinghai spruce forest and the shady grassland outside the forest in the Pailugou watershed of the Qilian Mountains. Specifications are 20cm in diameter and 80cm in height. The measurement date is from June 2012 to September 2012. Daily measurement is performed and the daily precipitation is recorded. The unit is mm.