The data set includes the observation data of river water level and velocity at No. 6 point in the dense observation of runoff in the middle reaches of Heihe River from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. The observation point is located in Gaoya National Hydrological Station, zhaojiatunzhuang, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with stable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39 ° 08'06.35 ", E100 ° 25'58.23", 1420 m above sea level, and 50 m wide river channel. Hobo pressure water level gauge is used for water level observation, with acquisition frequency of 60 minutes. Data description includes the following two parts: Water level observation, 60 minutes in unit (cm) in 2014; Data covers the period of January 1, 2014 solstice December 31, 2014; Flow observation, unit (m3); According to the monitoring flow of different water levels, the flow curve of water levels was obtained, and the change process of runoff was obtained by observing the process of water levels.The missing data are uniformly represented by the string -6999. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al.(2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to He et al.(2016).

Through the observation of tissue sections of root system, stem and leaf of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, it is found that Ammopiptanthus mongolicus has morphological characteristics of efficient absorption, transportation and storage of water. Through the study of physiology and biochemistry of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, the physiological and molecular mechanism of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus adapting to water stress through osmotic adjustment under drought stress was preliminarily confirmed. Through the study of physiological characteristics of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus under drought conditions, the change rule of proline accumulation with the process of drought stress was found, which may participate in the regulation mechanism of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus adapting to water stress as an important osmotic regulator. Furthermore, 7 full-length genes involved in proline synthesis, metabolism and transport of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus were cloned and obtained.

Climate warming has significantly changed the hydrological cycle in cold regions, especially in areas with permafrost or seasonal frost. Groundwater flow and its interactions with surface water are essential components of the hydrological process. However, few studies or modeling works have been based on long-term field observations of groundwater level, temperature, hydrogeochemistry, or isotopic tracers from boreholes due to obstacles such as remote locations, limited infrastructure, and harsh work conditions. In the Hulugou catchment, an alpine catchment in the headwater region of the Heihe River on the northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), we drilled four sets of depth-specific wells and monitored the groundwater levels and temperatures at different depths. Surface water (including river water, glacier meltwater, and snow meltwater), precipitation, groundwater from boreholes, spring water, and soil water were sampled to measure the abundances of major and minor elements, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and stable and radioactive isotopes at 64 sites. These data can be used to investigate groundwater flow processes and groundwater–surface water interactions on the QTP under global climate change.

The surface air temperature dataset of the Tibetan Plateau is obtained by downscaling the China regional surface meteorological feature dataset (CRSMFD). It contains the daily mean surface air temperature and 3-hourly instantaneous surface air temperature. This dataset has a spatial resolution of 0.01°. Its time range for surface air temperature dataset is from 1979 to 2018. Spatial dimension of data: 73°E-106°E, 23°N-40°N. The surface air temperature with a 0.01° can serve as an important input for the modeling of land surface processes, such as surface evapotranspiration estimation, agricultural monitoring, and climate change analysis.

The data set includes ASTER GDEM data and its Mosaic. ASTER Global DEM (ASTER GDEM) is a Global digital elevation data product jointly released by NASA and Japan's ministry of economy, trade and industry (METI) on June 29, 2009. The DEM data is based on the observation results of NASA's new earth observation satellite TERRA.It is produced by the ASTER(Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radio meter) sensor, which collects 1.3 million stereo image data, covering more than 99% of the earth's land surface.The data has a horizontal accuracy of 30 m (95% confidence) and an elevation accuracy of 7-14 m (95% confidence).This data is the third global elevation data, which is significantly higher than previous SRTM3 DEM and GTOPO30 data. We from NASA's web site (http://wist.echo.nasa.gov/api) to download the data of heihe river basin, and through the data center to distribute.The data distributed by the center completely retains the original appearance of the data without any modification to the data.If users need details about ASTER GDEM preparation process, please refer to the data documents of metadata connections, or visit http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/3.html or directly from https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/ reading and ASTER Global DEM related documents. ASTER GDEM is divided into several data blocks of 1×1 degree in distribution, and the distribution format is zip compression format. Each compressed file includes three files. The file naming format is as follows: ASTGTM_NxxEyyy_dem.tif ASTGTM_NxxEyyy_num.tif reademe.pdf Where xx is the starting latitude and yyy is the starting longitude._dem. Tif is the dem data file, _num. Tif is the data quality file, and reademe is the data description file. In order to facilitate users to use the data, on the basis of the fractional ASTER GDEM data, we splice fractional SRTM data to prepare the ASTER GDEM Mosaic map of the black river basin, which retains all the original features of ASTER GDEM without any resamulation. This data includes two files: heihe_aster_gdem_mosaic_dem.img Heihe_Aster_GDEM_Mosaic_num. Img The data is stored in the format of Erdas image, where the file _dem.img is the dem data file and the file _num. Img is the data quality file.

Based on the data of downscaling results in the precipitation historical period of CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5), the combined Method of geographical weighted regression and HASM (High Accuracy Surface Modeling Method) was used to analyze the annual mean precipitation in the future three periods of 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 in the scenario of rcp2.6, rcp4.5 and rcp8.5. Through downscaling simulation and prediction, the 1km downscaling results of the multi-year average precipitation in the three periods of 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 are obtained.

Ec-earth-heihe USES the output of the global model of ec-earth as the driving field to simulate the 6-hour data of the Heihe river basin in 2006-2080 under the scenarios of 1980-2005 and RCP4.5.Spatial scope: the grid center of the simulation area is located at (40.30n, 99.50e), the horizontal resolution is 3 km, and the number of simulated grid points in the model is 161 (meridional) X 201 (zonal). Projection: LAMBERT conformal projection, two standard latitudes of 30N and 60N. Time range: from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2010, with an interval of 6 hours. Description of file contents: monthly storage by grads without format.Except the maximum and minimum temperature as the daily scale, the other variables are all 6-hour data. MATLAB can be used to read, visible tmax_erain_xiong_heihe.m file description. Data description of heihe river basin: 1) Anemometer west wind (m/s) abbreviation usurf 2) Anemometer south wind(m/s), abbreviation vsurf 3) Anemometer temperature (deg K) abbreviation tsurf 4) maximal temperature (deg K) abbreviation tmax 5) minimal temperature (deg K) abbreviated tmin 6) Anemom specific humidity (g/kg) abbreviation qsurf 7) Accumulated precipitation (mm/hr) abbreviation precip 8) Accumulated evaporation (mm/hr) abbreviation evap 9) Accumulated sensible heat (watts/m**2/hr) abbreviation sensible 10) Accumulated net infrared radiation (watts/m * * 2 / hr) abbreviation netrad File name definition: Abbreviation-ec-earth-6hour，YTD For example, precip-ec-earth-6hour.198001，Is the data of 6-hour precipitation in January, 1980 (1) historical 6-hour data driven by the ec-earth global climate model from 1980 to 2005 (2) produce 6-hour data of heihe river basin under the scenario of RCP 4.5 for the global climate model ec-earth from 2006 to 2080

The content is the daily runoff observation record of the outlet weir of the Pailugou basin. The spatial range of Pailugou: 38.529-38.558N, 100.286-100.536E. Data dates include May 1, 2013 to September 5, 2013. The unit is m3/day.

This dataset includes one scene acquired on (yy-mm-dd) 2012-07-25, covering the natural oasis eco-hydrology experimental area in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin. This datum contains panchromatic and multi-spectral bands, with spatial resolution of 0.6 m and 2.4 m, respectively. The data product level of this image is Level 2A. QuickBird dataset was acquired through purchase.

On 19 August 2012, a Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner boarded by the Y-12 aircraft was used to obtain the point cloud data. Leica ALS70 airborne laser scanner has unlimited numbers of returns intensities measurements including the first, second, third return intensities. The wavelength of laser light is 1064 nm. The absolute flight altitude is 2900 m with the point cloud density 1 point per square meter. Aerial LiDAR-DSM was obtained through parameter calibration, automatic classification of point cloud density and manual editing.

This dataset is the FPAR observation in the artificial oasis experimental region of the middle stream of the Heihe River Basin. The observation period is from 24 May to 19 July, 2012 (UTC+8). Measurement instruments: AccuPAR (Beijing Normal University) Measurement positions: Core Experimental Area of Flux Observation Matrix 18 corn samples, 1 orchard sample, 1 artificial white poplar sample Measurement methods: For corn, to measure the incoming PAR on the canopy, transmission PAR under the canopy, reflected PAR on the canopy, reflected PAR under the canopy. For orchard and white poplar forest, to measure the incoming PAR outside of the canopy, transmission PAR under the canopy. Corresponding data: Land cover, plant height, crop rows identification

Proba (project for on board autonomy) is the smallest earth observation satellite launched by ESA in 2001. Chris (compact high resolution imaging Spectrometer) is the most important imaging spectrophotometer on the platform of proba. It has five imaging modes. With its excellent spectral spatial resolution and multi angle advantages, it can image land, ocean and inland water respectively for different research purposes. It is the only on-board sensor in the world that can obtain hyperspectral and multi angle data at the same time. It has high spatial resolution, wide spectral range, and can collect rich information in biophysics, biochemistry, etc. At present, there are 23 scenes of proba Chris data in Heihe River Basin. The coverage and acquisition time are as follows: 4 scenes in Arjun dense observation area, 2008-11-18, 2008-12-05, 2009-03-29, 2009-05-22; 1 scene in pingdukou dense observation area, 2009-07-13; 7 scenes in Binggou basin dense observation area, 2008-11-19, 2008-11-26, 2008-12-06, 2009-01-10, 2009-03-04, 2009-03-30, 2009-03-31; dayokou basin dense observation area, 2009-07-13 There are two views in the observation area, 2008-10-23, 2009-06-08; one in Linze area, 2008-06-23; one in Minle area, 2008-10-22; seven in Yingke oasis dense observation area, 2008-04-30, 2008-05-09, 2008-06-04, 2008-07-01, 2008-07-19, 2009-05-31, 2009-08-10. The product level is L1 without geometric correction. Except that there are only four angles for the images of 2009-03-29 and 2009-05-24 in the Arjun encrypted observation area, each image has five different angles. The remote sensing data set of the comprehensive remote sensing joint experiment of Heihe River, proba Chris, was obtained through the "dragon plan" project (Project No.: 5322) (see the data use statement for details).